Information technology (IT) networks are designed to facilitate communications with local and remote individuals. There are many variables that make networks different, but one commonality is that unauthorized people will attempt to penetrate all networks. Penetrations to networks are attempted within seconds if a computer is left unprotected and exposed to the outside world via the internet. Firewalls, network intrusion devices, and other hardware and software are used to protect networks from unauthorized penetrations, but how is their success evaluated? One common technique to validate existing IT security profiles is to have an expert perform network penetration tests on a routine basis. Some institutions have quarterly or semi-annual requirements for IT network penetration testing. Others self-regulate penetration testing, but should incorporate it in their routine security assessments.
IT network penetration testing is not simple. There are automated tools that help with some aspects of network penetration testing, but the core value of penetration testing is the competency of the expert doing the work. Without significant experience performing network penetration tests and protecting networks, it would be nearly impossible for an individual to conduct a thorough test. IT security is similar to other aspects of security in that experts must think like criminals to properly identify and mitigate existing vulnerabilities. Professionals that perform penetration testing are dubbed white-collar hackers because they are very familiar with tactics, procedures, and methods used by criminals to gain access to unauthorized information systems.
Several techniques should be used when conducting IT network assessments. External network penetration testing by true experts is one important tool that can be deployed to validate an IT network’s integrity. Due to the complexity of IT networks, any network device can create network vulnerability. Identified vulnerabilities that are discovered during network penetration testing are often a surprise to the IT staff and owner so it is important to be thorough and accurate during the test.
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